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?@8<5=OBL D>@<C;K ?5@8<5B@0, ?;>I048 8 >1JQ<0, ?;>I048 ?>25@E=>AB8 >B45;L=KE <=>3>3@0==8:>2 ?@8 2KG8A;5=8OE, :>340 2A5 40==K5 8<5NBAO 2 CA;>288; ?@8<5=OBL B5>@5<C 8D03>@0, 107>2K5 B@83>=><5B@8G5A:85 A>>B=>H5=8O 4;O 2KG8A;5=8O 4;8=, @0AAB>O=89, ?;>I0459 2 ?@>AB59H8E A;CG0OE.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 2KG8A;OBL @0AAB>O=8O =0 <5AB=>AB8 2 AB0=40@B=KE A8BC0F8OE, ?;>I048 2 ?@>AB59H8E A;CG0OE, ?@8<5=OBL D>@<C;K 2 ?@>AB59H8E A8BC0F8OE 2 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 5><5B@8G5A:85 ?>AB@>5=8O 7>1@060BL B8?>2K5 ?;>A:85 D83C@K 8 D83C@K 2 ?@>AB@0=AB25 >B @C:8 8 A ?><>ILN 8=AB@C<5=B>2.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 2K?>;=OBL ?@>AB59H85 ?>AB@>5=8O =0 <5AB=>AB8, =5>1E>48<K5 2 @50;L=>9 687=8 5><5B@8G5A:85 ?@5>1@07>20=8O !B@>8BL D83C@C, A8<<5B@8G=CN 40==>9 D83C@5 >B=>A8B5;L=> >A8 8 B>G:8.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: @0A?>7=020BL 42865=85 >1J5:B>2 2 >:@C60NI5< <8@5; @0A?>7=020BL A8<<5B@8G=K5 D83C@K 2 >:@C60NI5< <8@5 5:B>@K 8 :>>@48=0BK =0 ?;>A:>AB8 ?5@8@>20BL =0 107>2>< C@>2=5 ?>=OB8O<8 25:B>@, AC<<0 25:B>@>2, ?@>872545=85 25:B>@0 =0 G8A;>, :>>@48=0BK =0 ?;>A:>AB8; >?@545;OBL ?@81;86Q==> :>>@48=0BK B>G:8 ?> 5Q 87>1@065=8N =0 :>>@48=0B=>9 ?;>A:>AB8.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 8A?>;L7>20BL 25:B>@K 4;O @5H5=8O ?@>AB59H8E 7040G =0 >?@545;5=85 A:>@>AB8 >B=>A8B5;L=>3> 42865=8O AB>@8O <0B5<0B8:8 ?8AK20BL >B45;L=K5 2K40NI85AO @57C;LB0BK, ?>;CG5==K5 2 E>45 @0728B8O <0B5<0B8:8 :0: =0C:8; 7=0BL ?@8<5@K <0B5<0B8G5A:8E >B:@KB89 8 8E 02B>@>2, 2 A2O78 A >B5G5AB25==>9 8 2A5<8@=>9 8AB>@859; ?>=8<0BL @>;L <0B5<0B8:8 2 @0728B88 >AA88 5B>4K <0B5<0B8:8 K18@0BL ?>4E>4OI89 87CG5==K9 <5B>4 4;O @5H5=88 87CG5==KE B8?>2 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E 7040G; @82>48BL ?@8<5@K <0B5<0B8G5A:8E 70:>=><5@=>AB59 2 >:@C60NI59 459AB28B5;L=>AB8 8 ?@>872545=8OE 8A:CAAB20. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO 2 7-9 :;0AA0E 4;O >15A?5G5=8O 2>7<>6=>AB8 CA?5H=>3> ?@>4>;65=8O >1@07>20=8O =0 107>2>< 8 C3;C1;Q==>< C@>2=OE -;5<5=BK B5>@88 <=>65AB2 8 <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 ;>38:8 ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: >?@545;5=85, B5>@5<0, 0:A8><0, <=>65AB2>, E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 <=>65AB20, M;5<5=B <=>65AB20, ?CAB>5, :>=5G=>5 8 15A:>=5G=>5 <=>65AB2>, ?>4<=>65AB2>, ?@8=04;56=>ABL, 2:;NG5=85, @025=AB2> <=>65AB2; 87>1@060BL <=>65AB20 8 >B=>H5=85 <=>65AB2 A ?><>ILN :@C3>2 -9;5@0; >?@545;OBL ?@8=04;56=>ABL M;5<5=B0 <=>65AB2C, >1J548=5=8N 8 ?5@5A5G5=8N <=>65AB2; 704020BL <=>65AB2> A ?><>ILN ?5@5G8A;5=8O M;5<5=B>2, A;>25A=>3> >?8A0=8O; >?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: 2KA:07K20=85, 8AB8==>ABL 8 ;>6=>ABL 2KA:07K20=8O, >B@8F0=85 2KA:07K20=89, >?5@0F88 =04 2KA:07K20=8O<8: 8, 8;8, =5, CA;>2=K5 2KA:07K20=8O (8<?;8:0F88); AB@>8BL 2KA:07K20=8O, >B@8F0=8O 2KA:07K20=89.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: AB@>8BL F5?>G:8 C<>70:;NG5=89 =0 >A=>25 8A?>;L7>20=8O ?@028; ;>38:8; 8A?>;L7>20BL <=>65AB20, >?5@0F88 A <=>65AB20<8, 8E 3@0D8G5A:>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 4;O >?8A0=8O @50;L=KE ?@>F5AA>2 8 O2;5=89 '8A;0 ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: <=>65AB2> =0BC@0;L=KE G8A5;, <=>65AB2> F5;KE G8A5;, <=>65AB2> @0F8>=0;L=KE G8A5;, 8@@0F8>=0;L=>5 G8A;>, :204@0B=K9 :>@5=L, <=>65AB2> 459AB28B5;L=KE G8A5;;>, 35><5B@8G5A:0O 8=B5@?@5B0F8O =0BC@0;L=KE, F5;KE, @0F8>=0;L=KE, 459AB28B5;L=KE G8A5;; ?>=8<0BL 8 >1JOA=OBL A<KA; ?>78F8>==>9 70?8A8 =0BC@0;L=>3> G8A;0; 2K?>;=OBL 2KG8A;5=8O, 2 B>< G8A;5 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< ?@8Q<>2 @0F8>=0;L=KE 2KG8A;5=89; 2K?>;=OBL >:@C3;5=85 @0F8>=0;L=KE G8A5; A 7040==>9 B>G=>ABLN; A@02=820BL @0F8>=0;L=K5 8 8@@0F8>=0;L=K5 G8A;0; ?@54AB02;OBL @0F8>=0;L=>5 G8A;> 2 2845 45AOB8G=>9 4@>18 C?>@O4>G820BL G8A;0, 70?8A0==K5 2 2845 >1K:=>25==>9 8 45AOB8G=>9 4@>18; =0E>48BL  8  G8A5; 8 8A?>;L7>20BL 8E ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: ?@8<5=OBL ?@028;0 ?@81;865==KE 2KG8A;5=89 ?@8 @5H5=88 ?@0:B8G5A:8E 7040G 8 @5H5=88 7040G 4@C38E CG51=KE ?@54<5B>2; 2K?>;=OBL A@02=5=85 @57C;LB0B>2 2KG8A;5=89 ?@8 @5H5=88 ?@0:B8G5A:8E 7040G, 2 B>< G8A;5 ?@81;865==KE 2KG8A;5=89; A>AB02;OBL 8 >F5=820BL G8A;>2K5 2K@065=8O ?@8 @5H5=88 ?@0:B8G5A:8E 7040G 8 7040G 87 4@C38E CG51=KE ?@54<5B>2; 70?8AK20BL 8 >:@C3;OBL G8A;>2K5 7=0G5=8O @50;L=KE 25;8G8= A 8A?>;L7>20=85< @07=KE A8AB5< 87<5@5=8O ">645AB25==K5 ?@5>1@07>20=8O ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8 AB5?5=8 A =0BC@0;L=K< ?>:070B5;5<, AB5?5=8 A F5;K< >B@8F0B5;L=K< ?>:070B5;5<; 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O F5;KE 2K@065=89: 459AB28O A >4=>G;5=0<8 (A;>65=85, 2KG8B0=85, C<=>65=85), 459AB28O A <=>3>G;5=0<8 (A;>65=85, 2KG8B0=85, C<=>65=85); 2K?>;=OBL @07;>65=85 <=>3>G;5=>2 =0 <=>68B5;8 >4=8< 87 A?>A>1>2: 2K=5A5=85 70 A:>1:C, 3@C??8@>2:0, 8A?>;L7>20=85 D>@<C; A>:@0I5==>3> C<=>65=8O; 2K45;OBL :204@0B AC<<K 8 @07=>AB8 >4=>G;5=>2; @0A:;04K20BL =0 <=>68B5;8 :204@0B=K9 B@QEG;5=; 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 2K@065=89, A>45@60I8E AB5?5=8 A F5;K<8 >B@8F0B5;L=K<8 ?>:070B5;O<8, ?5@5E>48BL >B 70?8A8 2 2845 AB5?5=8 A F5;K< >B@8F0B5;L=K< ?>:070B5;5< : 70?8A8 2 2845 4@>18; 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 4@>1=>-@0F8>=0;L=KE 2K@065=89: A>:@0I5=85 4@>159, ?@82545=85 0;351@08G5A:8E 4@>159 : >1I5<C 7=0<5=0B5;N, A;>65=85, C<=>65=85, 45;5=85 0;351@08G5A:8E 4@>159, 2>72545=85 0;351@08G5A:>9 4@>18 2 =0BC@0;L=CN 8 F5;CN >B@8F0B5;L=CN AB5?5=L; 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 2K@065=89, A>45@60I8E :204@0B=K5 :>@=8; 2K45;OBL :204@0B AC<<K 8;8 @07=>AB8 42CG;5=0 2 2K@065=8OE, A>45@60I8E :204@0B=K5 :>@=8; 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 2K@065=89, A>45@60I8E <>4C;L.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 8 459AB28O A G8A;0<8, 70?8A0==K<8 2 AB0=40@B=>< 2845; 2K?>;=OBL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 0;351@08G5A:8E 2K@065=89 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G 4@C38E CG51=KE ?@54<5B>2 #@02=5=8O 8 =5@025=AB20 ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: C@02=5=85, =5@025=AB2>, :>@5=L C@02=5=8O, @5H5=85 =5@025=AB20, @02=>A8;L=K5 C@02=5=8O, >1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O C@02=5=8O (=5@025=AB20, A8AB5<K C@02=5=89 8;8 =5@025=AB2); @5H0BL ;8=59=K5 C@02=5=8O 8 C@02=5=8O, A2>48<K5 : ;8=59=K< A ?><>ILN B>645AB25==KE ?@5>1@07>20=89; @5H0BL :204@0B=K5 C@02=5=8O 8 C@02=5=8O, A2>48<K5 : :204@0B=K< A ?><>ILN B>645AB25==KE ?@5>1@07>20=89; @5H0BL 4@>1=>-;8=59=K5 C@02=5=8O; @5H0BL ?@>AB59H85 8@@0F8>=0;L=K5 C@02=5=8O 2840  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ; @5H0BL C@02=5=8O 2840  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ; @5H0BL C@02=5=8O A?>A>1>< @07;>65=8O =0 <=>68B5;8 8 70<5=K ?5@5<5==>9; 8A?>;L7>20BL <5B>4 8=B5@20;>2 4;O @5H5=8O F5;KE 8 4@>1=>-@0F8>=0;L=KE =5@025=AB2; @5H0BL ;8=59=K5 C@02=5=8O 8 =5@025=AB20 A ?0@0<5B@0<8; @5H0BL =5A;>6=K5 :204@0B=K5 C@02=5=8O A ?0@0<5B@><; @5H0BL =5A;>6=K5 A8AB5<K ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89 A ?0@0<5B@0<8; @5H0BL =5A;>6=K5 C@02=5=8O 2 F5;KE G8A;0E.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: A>AB02;OBL 8 @5H0BL ;8=59=K5 8 :204@0B=K5 C@02=5=8O, C@02=5=8O, : =8< A2>4OI85AO, A8AB5<K ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89, =5@025=AB2 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G 4@C38E CG51=KE ?@54<5B>2; 2K?>;=OBL >F5=:C ?@024>?>4>18O @57C;LB0B>2, ?>;CG05<KE ?@8 @5H5=88 ;8=59=KE 8 :204@0B=KE C@02=5=89 8 A8AB5< ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89 8 =5@025=AB2 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G 4@C38E CG51=KE ?@54<5B>2; 2K18@0BL A>>B25BAB2CNI85 C@02=5=8O, =5@025=AB20 8;8 8E A8AB5<K, 4;O A>AB02;5=8O <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 <>45;8 7040==>9 @50;L=>9 A8BC0F88 8;8 ?@8:;04=>9 7040G8; C<5BL 8=B5@?@5B8@>20BL ?>;CG5==K9 ?@8 @5H5=88 C@02=5=8O, =5@025=AB20 8;8 A8AB5<K @57C;LB0B 2 :>=B5:AB5 7040==>9 @50;L=>9 A8BC0F88 8;8 ?@8:;04=>9 7040G8 $C=:F88 ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: DC=:F8>=0;L=0O 7028A8<>ABL, DC=:F8O, 3@0D8: DC=:F88, A?>A>1K 7040=8O DC=:F88, 0@3C<5=B 8 7=0G5=85 DC=:F88, >1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O 8 <=>65AB2> 7=0G5=89 DC=:F88, =C;8 DC=:F88, ?@><56CB:8 7=0:>?>AB>O=AB20, <>=>B>==>ABL DC=:F88, GQB=>ABL/=5GQB=>ABL DC=:F88; AB@>8BL 3@0D8:8 ;8=59=>9, :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F89, >1@0B=>9 ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=>AB8, DC=:F88 2840:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  QUOTE ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ; =0 ?@8<5@5 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88, 8A?>;L7>20BL ?@5>1@07>20=8O 3@0D8:0 DC=:F88 y=f(x) 4;O ?>AB@>5=8O 3@0D8:>2 DC=:F89  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ; A>AB02;OBL C@02=5=8O ?@O<>9 ?> 7040==K< CA;>28O<: ?@>E>4OI59 G5@57 425 B>G:8 A 7040==K<8 :>>@48=0B0<8, ?@>E>4OI59 G5@57 40==CN B>G:C 8 ?0@0;;5;L=>9 40==>9 ?@O<>9; 8AA;54>20BL DC=:F8N ?> 5Q 3@0D8:C; =0E>48BL <=>65AB2> 7=0G5=89, =C;8, ?@><56CB:8 7=0:>?>AB>O=AB20, <>=>B>==>AB8 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88; >?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL, 0@8D<5B8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O, 35><5B@8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O; @5H0BL 7040G8 =0 0@8D<5B8G5A:CN 8 35><5B@8G5A:CN ?@>3@5AA8N.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 8;;NAB@8@>20BL A ?><>ILN 3@0D8:0 @50;L=CN 7028A8<>ABL 8;8 ?@>F5AA ?> 8E E0@0:B5@8AB8:0<; 8A?>;L7>20BL A2>9AB20 8 3@0D8: :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G 87 4@C38E CG51=KE ?@54<5B>2 "5:AB>2K5 7040G8 5H0BL ?@>ABK5 8 A;>6=K5 7040G8 @07=KE B8?>2, 0 B0:65 7040G8 ?>2KH5==>9 B@C4=>AB8; 8A?>;L7>20BL @07=K5 :@0B:85 70?8A8 :0: <>45;8 B5:AB>2 A;>6=KE 7040G 4;O ?>AB@>5=8O ?>8A:>2>9 AE5<K 8 @5H5=8O 7040G; @07;8G0BL <>45;L B5:AB0 8 <>45;L @5H5=8O 7040G8, :>=AB@C8@>20BL : >4=>9 <>45;8 @5H5=8O =5A;>6=>9 7040G8 @07=K5 <>45;8 B5:AB0 7040G8; 7=0BL 8 ?@8<5=OBL >10 A?>A>10 ?>8A:0 @5H5=8O 7040G (>B B@51>20=8O : CA;>28N 8 >B CA;>28O : B@51>20=8N); <>45;8@>20BL @0AAC645=8O ?@8 ?>8A:5 @5H5=8O 7040G A ?><>ILN 3@0D-AE5<K; 2K45;OBL MB0?K @5H5=8O 7040G8 8 A>45@60=85 :064>3> MB0?0; C<5BL 2K18@0BL >?B8<0;L=K9 <5B>4 @5H5=8O 7040G8 8 >A>7=020BL 2K1>@ <5B>40, @0AA<0B@820BL @07;8G=K5 <5B>4K, =0E>48BL @07=K5 @5H5=8O 7040G8, 5A;8 2>7<>6=>; 0=0;878@>20BL 70B@C4=5=8O ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G; 2K?>;=OBL @07;8G=K5 ?@5>1@07>20=8O ?@54;>65==>9 7040G8, :>=AB@C8@>20BL =>2K5 7040G8 87 40==>9, 2 B>< G8A;5 >1@0B=K5; 8=B5@?@5B8@>20BL 2KG8A;8B5;L=K5 @57C;LB0BK 2 7040G5, 8AA;54>20BL ?>;CG5==>5 @5H5=85 7040G8; 0=0;878@>20BL 2A52>7<>6=K5 A8BC0F88 2708<=>3> @0A?>;>65=8O 42CE >1J5:B>2 8 87<5=5=85 8E E0@0:B5@8AB8: ?@8 A>2<5AB=>< 42865=88 (A:>@>ABL, 2@5<O, @0AAB>O=85) ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G =0 42865=85 42CE >1J5:B>2 :0: 2 >4=><, B0: 8 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=KE =0?@02;5=8OE; 8AA;54>20BL 2A52>7<>6=K5 A8BC0F88 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G =0 42865=85 ?> @5:5, @0AA<0B@820BL @07=K5 A8AB5<K >BAGQB0; @5H0BL @07=>>1@07=K5 7040G8 =0 G0AB8, @5H0BL 8 >1>A=>2K20BL A2>5 @5H5=85 7040G (2K45;OBL <0B5<0B8G5A:CN >A=>2C) =0 =0E>645=85 G0AB8 G8A;0 8 G8A;0 ?> 53> G0AB8 =0 >A=>25 :>=:@5B=>3> A<KA;0 4@>18; >A>7=020BL 8 >1JOA=OBL 845=B8G=>ABL 7040G @07=KE B8?>2, A2O7K20NI8E B@8 25;8G8=K (=0 @01>BC, =0 ?>:C?:8, =0 42865=85). 2K45;OBL MB8 25;8G8=K 8 >B=>H5=8O <564C =8<8, ?@8<5=OBL 8E ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G, :>=AB@C8@>20BL A>1AB25==K5 7040G C:070==KE B8?>2; 2;045BL >A=>2=K<8 <5B>40<8 @5H5=8O 7040G =0 A<5A8, A?;02K, :>=F5=B@0F88; @5H0BL 7040G8 =0 ?@>F5=BK, 2 B>< G8A;5, A;>6=K5 ?@>F5=BK A >1>A=>20=85<, 8A?>;L7CO @07=K5 A?>A>1K; @5H0BL ;>38G5A:85 7040G8 @07=K<8 A?>A>10<8, 2 B>< G8A;5, A 42C<O 1;>:0<8 8 A B@5<O 1;>:0<8 40==KE A ?><>ILN B01;8F; @5H0BL 7040G8 ?> :><18=0B>@8:5 8 B5>@88 25@>OB=>AB59 =0 >A=>25 8A?>;L7>20=8O 87CG5==KE <5B>4>2 8 >1>A=>2K20BL @5H5=85; @5H0BL =5A;>6=K5 7040G8 ?> <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 AB0B8AB8:5; >2;045BL >A=>2=K<8 <5B>40<8 @5H5=8O AN65B=KE 7040G: 0@8D<5B8G5A:89, 0;351@08G5A:89, ?5@51>@ 20@80=B>2, 35><5B@8G5A:89, 3@0D8G5A:89, ?@8<5=OBL 8E 2 =>2KE ?> A@02=5=8N A 87CG5==K<8 A8BC0F8OE.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 2K45;OBL ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 @0AA<0B@8205<>9 2 7040G5 A8BC0F88, >B;8G=K5 >B @50;L=KE (B5, >B :>B>@KE 01AB@038@>20;8AL), :>=AB@C8@>20BL =>2K5 A8BC0F88 A CGQB>< MB8E E0@0:B5@8AB8:, 2 G0AB=>AB8, ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G =0 :>=F5=B@0F88, CG8BK20BL ?;>B=>ABL 25I5AB20; @5H0BL 8 :>=AB@C8@>20BL 7040G8 =0 >A=>25 @0AA<>B@5=8O @50;L=KE A8BC0F89, 2 :>B>@KE =5 B@51C5BAO B>G=K9 2KG8A;8B5;L=K9 @57C;LB0B; @5H0BL 7040G8 =0 42865=85 ?> @5:5, @0AA<0B@820O @07=K5 A8AB5<K >BAG5B0 !B0B8AB8:0 8 B5>@8O 25@>OB=>AB59 ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: AB>;1G0BK5 8 :@C3>2K5 4803@0<<K, B01;8FK 40==KE, A@54=55 0@8D<5B8G5A:>5, <5480=0, =081>;LH55 8 =08<5=LH55 7=0G5=8O 2K1>@:8, @07<0E 2K1>@:8, 48A?5@A8O 8 AB0=40@B=>5 >B:;>=5=85, A;CG09=0O 87<5=G82>ABL; 872;5:0BL 8=D>@<0F8N, ?@54AB02;5==CN 2 B01;8F0E, =0 4803@0<<0E, 3@0D8:0E; A>AB02;OBL B01;8FK, AB@>8BL 4803@0<<K 8 3@0D8:8 =0 >A=>25 40==KE; >?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: D0:B>@80; G8A;0, ?5@5AB0=>2:8 8 A>G5B0=8O, B@5C3>;L=8: 0A:0;O; ?@8<5=OBL ?@028;> ?@>872545=8O ?@8 @5H5=88 :><18=0B>@=KE 7040G; >?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8: A;CG09=K9 >?KB, A;CG09=K9 2K1>@, 8A?KB0=85, M;5<5=B0@=>5 A;CG09=>5 A>1KB85 (8AE>4), :;0AA8G5A:>5 >?@545;5=85 25@>OB=>AB8 A;CG09=>3> A>1KB8O, >?5@0F88 =04 A;CG09=K<8 A>1KB8O<8; ?@54AB02;OBL 8=D>@<0F8N A ?><>ILN :@C3>2 -9;5@0; @5H0BL 7040G8 =0 2KG8A;5=85 25@>OB=>AB8 A ?>4AG5B>< :>;8G5AB20 20@80=B>2 A ?><>ILN :><18=0B>@8:8.  ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 8 ?@8 87CG5=88 4@C38E ?@54<5B>2: 872;5:0BL, 8=B5@?@5B8@>20BL 8 ?@5>1@07>2K20BL 8=D>@<0F8N, ?@54AB02;5==CN 2 B01;8F0E, =0 4803@0<<0E, 3@0D8:0E, >B@060NICN A2>9AB20 8 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 @50;L=KE ?@>F5AA>2 8 O2;5=89; >?@545;OBL AB0B8AB8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 2K1>@>: ?> B01;8F0<, 4803@0<<0<, 3@0D8:0<, 2K?>;=OBL A@02=5=85 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B F5;8 @5H5=8O 7040G8; >F5=820BL 25@>OB=>ABL @50;L=KE A>1KB89 8 O2;5=89. 5><5B@8G5A:85 D83C@K ?5@8@>20BL ?>=OB8O<8 35><5B@8G5A:8E D83C@; 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A?>;L7>20=85 A2>9AB2 DC=:F89 ?@8 @5H5=88 C@02=5=89. @>AB59H85 8@@0F8>=0;L=K5 C@02=5=8O 2840  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . #@02=5=8O 2840  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 .#@02=5=8O 2 F5;KE G8A;0E. !8AB5<K C@02=5=89 #@02=5=85 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. 8=59=>5 C@02=5=85 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. @O<0O :0: 3@0D8G5A:0O 8=B5@?@5B0F8O ;8=59=>3> C@02=5=8O A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. >=OB85 A8AB5<K C@02=5=89. 5H5=85 A8AB5<K C@02=5=89. 5B>4K @5H5=8O A8AB5< ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8: 3@0D8G5A:89 <5B>4, <5B>4 A;>65=8O, <5B>4 ?>4AB0=>2:8. !8AB5<K ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89 A ?0@0<5B@><. 5@025=AB20 '8A;>2K5 =5@025=AB20. !2>9AB20 G8A;>2KE =5@025=AB2. @>25@:0 A?@0254;82>AB8 =5@025=AB2 ?@8 7040==KE 7=0G5=8OE ?5@5<5==KE. 5@025=AB2> A ?5@5<5==>9. !B@>385 8 =5AB@>385 =5@025=AB20. 1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O =5@025=AB20 (>1;0ABL 4>?CAB8<KE 7=0G5=89 ?5@5<5==>9). 5H5=85 ;8=59=KE =5@025=AB2. 204@0B=>5 =5@025=AB2> 8 53> @5H5=8O. 5H5=85 :204@0B=KE =5@025=AB2: 8A?>;L7>20=85 A2>9AB2 8 3@0D8:0 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88, <5B>4 8=B5@20;>2. 0?8AL @5H5=8O :204@0B=>3> =5@025=AB20. 5H5=85 F5;KE 8 4@>1=>-@0F8>=0;L=KE =5@025=AB2 <5B>4>< 8=B5@20;>2. !8AB5<K =5@025=AB2 !8AB5<K =5@025=AB2 A >4=>9 ?5@5<5==>9. 5H5=85 A8AB5< =5@025=AB2 A >4=>9 ?5@5<5==>9: ;8=59=KE, :204@0B=KE. 7>1@065=85 @5H5=8O A8AB5<K =5@025=AB2 =0 G8A;>2>9 ?@O<>9. 0?8AL @5H5=8O A8AB5<K =5@025=AB2. $C=:F88 >=OB85 DC=:F88 5:0@B>2K :>>@48=0BK =0 ?;>A:>AB8. $>@<8@>20=85 ?@54AB02;5=89 > <5B0?@54<5B=>< ?>=OB88 :>>@48=0BK. !?>A>1K 7040=8O DC=:F89: 0=0;8B8G5A:89, 3@0D8G5A:89, B01;8G=K9. @0D8: DC=:F88. @8<5@K DC=:F89, ?>;CG05<KE 2 ?@>F5AA5 8AA;54>20=8O @07;8G=KE @50;L=KE ?@>F5AA>2 8 @5H5=8O 7040G. =0G5=85 DC=:F88 2 B>G:5. !2>9AB20 DC=:F89: >1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O, <=>65AB2> 7=0G5=89, =C;8, ?@><56CB:8 7=0:>?>AB>O=AB20, GQB=>ABL/=5GQB=>ABL, ?@><56CB:8 2>7@0AB0=8O 8 C1K20=8O, =081>;LH55 8 =08<5=LH55 7=0G5=8O. AA;54>20=85 DC=:F88 ?> 5Q 3@0D8:C. @54AB02;5=85 >1 0A8<?B>B0E. 5?@5@K2=>ABL DC=:F88. CA>G=> 7040==K5 DC=:F88. 8=59=0O DC=:F8O !2>9AB20 8 3@0D8: ;8=59=>9 DC=:F88. #3;>2>9 :>MDD8F85=B ?@O<>9. 0A?>;>65=85 3@0D8:0 ;8=59=>9 DC=:F88 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B 5Q C3;>2>3> :>MDD8F85=B0 8 A2>1>4=>3> G;5=0. 0E>645=85 :>MDD8F85=B>2 ;8=59=>9 DC=:F88 ?> 7040==K< CA;>28O<: ?@>E>645=85 ?@O<>9 G5@57 425 B>G:8 A 7040==K<8 :>>@48=0B0<8, ?@>E>645=85 ?@O<>9 G5@57 40==CN B>G:C 8 ?0@0;;5;L=>9 40==>9 ?@O<>9. 204@0B8G=0O DC=:F8O !2>9AB20 8 3@0D8: :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88 (?0@01>;0). >AB@>5=85 3@0D8:0 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88 ?> B>G:0<. 0E>645=85 =C;59 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88, <=>65AB20 7=0G5=89, ?@><56CB:>2 7=0:>?>AB>O=AB20, ?@><56CB:>2 <>=>B>==>AB8. 1@0B=0O ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=>ABL !2>9AB20 DC=:F88  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  QUOTE  . 8?5@1>;0. @0D8:8 DC=:F89. @5>1@07>20=85 3@0D8:0 DC=:F88  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  4;O ?>AB@>5=8O 3@0D8:>2 DC=:F89 2840  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . @0D8:8 DC=:F89  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  QUOTE ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . >A;54>20B5;L=>AB8 8 ?@>3@5AA88 '8A;>20O ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL. @8<5@K G8A;>2KE ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB59. 5A:>=5G=K5 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8. @8D<5B8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O 8 5Q A2>9AB20. 5><5B@8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O. $>@<C;0 >1I53> G;5=0 8 AC<<K n ?5@2KE G;5=>2 0@8D<5B8G5A:>9 8 35><5B@8G5A:>9 ?@>3@5AA89. !E>4OI0OAO 35><5B@8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O. 5H5=85 B5:AB>2KE 7040G 040G8 =0 2A5 0@8D<5B8G5A:85 459AB28O 5H5=85 B5:AB>2KE 7040G 0@8D<5B8G5A:8< A?>A>1><. 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"@5C3>;L=8: 0A:0;O. ?KBK A 1>;LH8< G8A;>< @02=>2>7<>6=KE M;5<5=B0@=KE A>1KB89. KG8A;5=85 25@>OB=>AB59 2 >?KB0E A ?@8<5=5=85< :><18=0B>@=KE D>@<C;. A?KB0=8O 5@=C;;8. #A?5E 8 =5C40G0. 5@>OB=>AB8 A>1KB89 2 A5@88 8A?KB0=89 5@=C;;8. !;CG09=K5 25;8G8=K =0:><AB2> A> A;CG09=K<8 25;8G8=0<8 =0 ?@8<5@0E :>=5G=KE 48A:@5B=KE A;CG09=KE 25;8G8=. 0A?@545;5=85 25@>OB=>AB59. 0B5<0B8G5A:>5 >6840=85. !2>9AB20 <0B5<0B8G5A:>3> >6840=8O. >=OB85 > 70:>=5 1>;LH8E G8A5;. 7<5@5=85 25@>OB=>AB59. @8<5=5=85 70:>=0 1>;LH8E G8A5; 2 A>F8>;>388, AB@0E>20=88, 2 74@02>>E@0=5=88, >15A?5G5=88 157>?0A=>AB8 =0A5;5=8O 2 G@572KG09=KE A8BC0F8OE. 5><5B@8O 5><5B@8G5A:85 D83C@K $83C@K 2 35><5B@88 8 2 >:@C60NI5< <8@5 5><5B@8G5A:0O D83C@0. $>@<8@>20=85 ?@54AB02;5=89 > <5B0?@54<5B=>< ?>=OB88 D83C@0. ">G:0, ;8=8O, >B@57>:, ?@O<0O, ;CG, ;><0=0O, ?;>A:>ABL, C3>;, 18AA5:B@8A0 C3;0 8 5Q A2>9AB20, 284K C3;>2, <=>3>C3>;L=8:8, :@C3. 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"5>@5<0 $0;5A0. 5@?5=48:C;O@=K5 ?@O<K5 @O<>9 C3>;. 5@?5=48:C;O@ : ?@O<>9. 0:;>==0O, ?@>5:F8O. !5@548==K9 ?5@?5=48:C;O@ : >B@57:C. !2>9AB20 8 ?@87=0:8 ?5@?5=48:C;O@=>AB8. >4>185 @>?>@F8>=0;L=K5 >B@57:8, ?>4>185 D83C@. >4>1=K5 B@5C3>;L=8:8. @87=0:8 ?>4>18O. 708<=>5 @0A?>;>65=85 ?@O<>9 8 >:@C6=>AB8, 42CE >:@C6=>AB59. 7<5@5=8O 8 2KG8A;5=8O 5;8G8=K >=OB85 25;8G8=K. ;8=0. 7<5@5=85 4;8=K. 48=8FK 87<5@5=8O 4;8=K. 5;8G8=0 C3;0. @04CA=0O <5@0 C3;0. >=OB85 > ?;>I048 ?;>A:>9 D83C@K 8 5Q A2>9AB20E. 7<5@5=85 ?;>I0459. 48=8FK 87<5@5=8O ?;>I048. @54AB02;5=85 >1 >1JQ<5 8 53> A2>9AB20E. 7<5@5=85 >1JQ<0. 48=8FK 87<5@5=8O >1JQ<>2. 7<5@5=8O 8 2KG8A;5=8O =AB@C<5=BK 4;O 87<5@5=89 8 ?>AB@>5=89; 87<5@5=85 8 2KG8A;5=85 C3;>2, 4;8= (@0AAB>O=89), ?;>I0459. "@83>=><5B@8G5A:85 DC=:F88 >AB@>3> C3;0 2 ?@O<>C3>;L=>< B@5C3>;L=8:5 "@83>=><5B@8G5A:85 DC=:F88 BC?>3> C3;0. 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"5>@5<0 :>A8=CA>2. 0AAB>O=8O 0AAB>O=85 <564C B>G:0<8. 0AAB>O=85 >B B>G:8 4> ?@O<>9. 0AAB>O=85 <564C D83C@0<8. 5><5B@8G5A:85 ?>AB@>5=8O 5><5B@8G5A:85 ?>AB@>5=8O 4;O 8;;NAB@0F88 A2>9AB2 35><5B@8G5A:8E D83C@. =AB@C<5=BK 4;O ?>AB@>5=89: F8@:C;L, ;8=59:0, C3>;L=8:. @>AB59H85 ?>AB@>5=8O F8@:C;5< 8 ;8=59:>9: ?>AB@>5=85 18AA5:B@8AK C3;0, ?5@?5=48:C;O@0 : ?@O<>9, C3;0, @02=>3> 40==><C, >AB@>5=85 B@5C3>;L=8:>2 ?> B@Q< AB>@>=0<, 42C< AB>@>=0< 8 C3;C <564C =8<8, AB>@>=5 8 42C< ?@8;560I8< : =59 C3;0<. 5;5=85 >B@57:0 2 40==>< >B=>H5=88. 5><5B@8G5A:85 ?@5>1@07>20=8O @5>1@07>20=8O >=OB85 ?@5>1@07>20=8O. @54AB02;5=85 > <5B0?@54<5B=>< ?>=OB88 ?@5>1@07>20=85. >4>185. 2865=8O A520O 8 F5=B@0;L=0O A8<<5B@8O, ?>2>@>B 8 ?0@0;;5;L=K9 ?5@5=>A. ><18=0F88 42865=89 =0 ?;>A:>AB8 8 8E A2>9AB20. 5:B>@K 8 :>>@48=0BK =0 ?;>A:>AB8 5:B>@K >=OB85 25:B>@0, 459AB28O =04 25:B>@0<8, 8A?>;L7>20=85 25:B>@>2 2 D878:5, @07;>65=85 25:B>@0 =0 A>AB02;ONI85, A:0;O@=>5 ?@>872545=85. >>@48=0BK A=>2=K5 ?>=OB8O, :>>@48=0BK 25:B>@0, @0AAB>O=85 <564C B>G:0<8. >>@48=0BK A5@548=K >B@57:0. #@02=5=8O D83C@. @8<5=5=85 25:B>@>2 8 :>>@48=0B 4;O @5H5=8O ?@>AB59H8E 35><5B@8G5A:8E 7040G. AB>@8O <0B5<0B8:8 >7=8:=>25=85 <0B5<0B8:8 :0: =0C:8, MB0?K 5Q @0728B8O. A=>2=K5 @0745;K <0B5<0B8:8. K40NI85AO <0B5<0B8:8 8 8E 2:;04 2 @0728B85 =0C:8. 5A:>=5G=>ABL <=>65AB20 ?@>ABKE G8A5;. '8A;0 8 4;8=K >B@57:>2. 0F8>=0;L=K5 G8A;0. >B@51=>ABL 2 8@@0F8>=0;L=KE G8A;0E. (:>;0 8D03>@0 0@>645=85 0;351@K 2 =54@0E 0@8D<5B8:8. ;-%>@57<8. >645=85 1C:25==>9 A8<2>;8:8. .$5@<0, $. 85B, . 5:0@B. AB>@8O 2>?@>A0 > =0E>645=88 D>@<C; :>@=59 0;351@08G5A:8E C@02=5=89 AB5?5=59, 1>;LH8E G5BK@QE. . "0@B0;LO, 6. 0@40=>, .%. 15;L, -.0;C0. >O2;5=85 <5B>40 :>>@48=0B, ?>72>;ONI53> ?5@52>48BL 35><5B@8G5A:85 >1J5:BK =0 O7K: 0;351@K. >O2;5=85 3@0D8:>2 DC=:F89. . 5:0@B, . $5@<0. @8<5@K @07;8G=KE A8AB5< :>>@48=0B. 040G0 5>=0@4> 870=A:>3> ($81>=0GG8) > :@>;8:0E, G8A;0 $81>=0GG8. 040G0 > H0E<0B=>9 4>A:5. !E>48<>ABL 35><5B@8G5A:>9 ?@>3@5AA88. AB>:8 B5>@88 25@>OB=>AB59: AB@0E>2>5 45;>, 070@B=K5 83@K. . $5@<0, .0A:0;L, /. 5@=C;;8, ..>;<>3>@>2. 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n-KE AB5?5=59. >?CAB8<K5 7=0G5=8O ?5@5<5==KE 2 2K@065=8OE, A>45@60I8E :>@=8 n-KE AB5?5=59. @5>1@07>20=85 2K@065=89, A>45@60I8E :>@=8 n-KE AB5?5=59. !B5?5=L A @0F8>=0;L=K< ?>:070B5;5<. @5>1@07>20=85 2K@065=89, A>45@60I8E AB5?5=L A @0F8>=0;L=K< ?>:070B5;5<. #@02=5=8O 025=AB20 '8A;>2>5 @025=AB2>. !2>9AB20 G8A;>2KE @025=AB2. 025=AB2> A ?5@5<5==>9. #@02=5=8O >=OB85 C@02=5=8O 8 :>@=O C@02=5=8O. @54AB02;5=85 > @02=>A8;L=>AB8 C@02=5=89 8 C@02=5=8OE-A;54AB28OE. @54AB02;5=85 > @02=>A8;L=>AB8 =0 <=>65AB25. 02=>A8;L=K5 ?@5>1@07>20=8O C@02=5=89. 5B>4K @5H5=8O C@02=5=89 5B>4K @02=>A8;L=KE ?@5>1@07>20=89, <5B>4 70<5=K ?5@5<5==>9, 3@0D8G5A:89 <5B>4. A?>;L7>20=85 A2>9AB2 DC=:F89 ?@8 @5H5=88 C@02=5=89, 8A?>;L7>20=85 B5>@5<K 85B0 4;O C@02=5=89 AB5?5=8 2KH5 2. 8=59=>5 C@02=5=85 8 53> :>@=8 5H5=85 ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89. >;8G5AB2> :>@=59 ;8=59=>3> C@02=5=8O. 8=59=>5 C@02=5=85 A ?0@0<5B@><. 204@0B=>5 C@02=5=85 8 53> :>@=8 8A:@8<8=0=B :204@0B=>3> C@02=5=8O. $>@<C;0 :>@=59 :204@0B=>3> C@02=5=8O. >;8G5AB2> 459AB28B5;L=KE :>@=59 :204@0B=>3> C@02=5=8O. 5H5=85 :204@0B=KE C@02=5=89: 3@0D8G5A:89 <5B>4 @5H5=8O, 8A?>;L7>20=85 D>@<C;K 4;O =0E>645=8O :>@=59, @07;>65=85 =0 <=>68B5;8, ?>41>@ :>@=59 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< B5>@5<K 85B0. 8:204@0B=K5 C@02=5=8O. #@02=5=8O, A2>48<K5 : ;8=59=K< 8 :204@0B=K<. 204@0B=>5 C@02=5=85 A ?0@0<5B@><. 5H5=85 ?@>AB59H8E :204@0B=KE C@02=5=89 A ?0@0<5B@0<8. 5H5=85 =5:>B>@KE B8?>2 C@02=5=89 3 8 4 AB5?5=8. @>1=>-@0F8>=0;L=K5 C@02=5=8O 5H5=85 4@>1=>-@0F8>=0;L=KE C@02=5=89. @>AB59H85 8@@0F8>=0;L=K5 C@02=5=8O 2840:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ;  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  QUOTE   QUOTE   QUOTE   8 8E @5H5=85. 5H5=85 8@@0F8>=0;L=KE C@02=5=89 2840  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . !8AB5<K C@02=5=89 #@02=5=85 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. 5H5=85 C@02=5=89 2 F5;KE G8A;0E. 8=59=>5 C@02=5=85 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. @0D8G5A:0O 8=B5@?@5B0F8O ;8=59=>3> C@02=5=8O A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. @54AB02;5=85 > 3@0D8G5A:>9 8=B5@?@5B0F88 ?@>872>;L=>3> C@02=5=8O A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8: ;8=88 =0 ?;>A:>AB8. >=OB85 A8AB5<K C@02=5=89. 5H5=85 A8AB5< C@02=5=89. @54AB02;5=85 > @02=>A8;L=>AB8 A8AB5< C@02=5=89. 5B>4K @5H5=8O A8AB5< ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8 3@0D8G5A:89 <5B>4, <5B>4 A;>65=8O, <5B>4 ?>4AB0=>2:8. >;8G5AB2> @5H5=89 A8AB5<K ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89. !8AB5<0 ;8=59=KE C@02=5=89 A ?0@0<5B@><. !8AB5<K =5;8=59=KE C@02=5=89. 5B>4K @5H5=8O A8AB5< =5;8=59=KE C@02=5=89. 5B>4 45;5=8O, <5B>4 70<5=K ?5@5<5==KE. 4=>@>4=K5 A8AB5<K. 5@025=AB20 '8A;>2K5 =5@025=AB20. !2>9AB20 G8A;>2KE =5@025=AB2. @>25@:0 A?@0254;82>AB8 =5@025=AB2 ?@8 7040==KE 7=0G5=8OE ?5@5<5==KE. 5@025=AB2> A ?5@5<5==>9. !B@>385 8 =5AB@>385 =5@025=AB20. >:070B5;LAB2> =5@025=AB2. 5@025=AB20 > A@54=8E 4;O 42CE G8A5;. >=OB85 > @5H5=88 =5@025=AB20. =>65AB2> @5H5=89 =5@025=AB20. @54AB02;5=85 > @02=>A8;L=>AB8 =5@025=AB2. 8=59=>5 =5@025=AB2> 8 <=>65AB20 53> @5H5=89. 5H5=85 ;8=59=KE =5@025=AB2. 8=59=>5 =5@025=AB2> A ?0@0<5B@><. 204@0B=>5 =5@025=AB2> 8 53> @5H5=8O. 5H5=85 :204@0B=KE =5@025=AB2: 8A?>;L7>20=85 A2>9AB2 8 3@0D8:0 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88, <5B>4 8=B5@20;>2. 0?8AL @5H5=8O :204@0B=>3> =5@025=AB20. 204@0B=>5 =5@025=AB2> A ?0@0<5B@>< 8 53> @5H5=85. @>AB59H85 8@@0F8>=0;L=K5 =5@025=AB20 2840:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ;  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ;  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  QUOTE  . 1>1IQ==K9 <5B>4 8=B5@20;>2 4;O @5H5=8O =5@025=AB2. !8AB5<K =5@025=AB2 !8AB5<K =5@025=AB2 A >4=>9 ?5@5<5==>9. 5H5=85 A8AB5< =5@025=AB2 A >4=>9 ?5@5<5==>9: ;8=59=KE, :204@0B=KE, 4@>1=>-@0F8>=0;L=KE, 8@@0F8>=0;L=KE. 7>1@065=85 @5H5=8O A8AB5<K =5@025=AB2 =0 G8A;>2>9 ?@O<>9. 0?8AL @5H5=8O A8AB5<K =5@025=AB2. 5@025=AB2> A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. @54AB02;5=85 > @5H5=88 ;8=59=>3> =5@025=AB20 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. @0D8G5A:0O 8=B5@?@5B0F8O =5@025=AB20 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. @0D8G5A:89 <5B>4 @5H5=8O A8AB5< =5@025=AB2 A 42C<O ?5@5<5==K<8. $C=:F88 >=OB85 7028A8<>AB8 @O<>C3>;L=0O A8AB5<0 :>>@48=0B. $>@<8@>20=85 ?@54AB02;5=89 > <5B0?@54<5B=>< ?>=OB88 :>>@48=0BK. @0D8: 7028A8<>AB8. $C=:F8O !?>A>1K 7040=8O DC=:F89: 0=0;8B8G5A:89, 3@0D8G5A:89, B01;8G=K9. @0D8: DC=:F88. @8<5@K DC=:F89, ?>;CG05<KE 2 ?@>F5AA5 8AA;54>20=8O @07;8G=KE ?@>F5AA>2 8 @5H5=8O 7040G. =0G5=85 DC=:F88 2 B>G:5. !2>9AB20 DC=:F89: >1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O, <=>65AB2> 7=0G5=89, =C;8, ?@><56CB:8 7=0:>?>AB>O=AB20, GQB=>ABL/=5GQB=>ABL, 2>7@0AB0=85 8 C1K20=85, ?@><56CB:8 <>=>B>==>AB8, =081>;LH55 8 =08<5=LH55 7=0G5=85, ?5@8>48G=>ABL. AA;54>20=85 DC=:F88 ?> 5Q 3@0D8:C. 8=59=0O DC=:F8O !2>9AB20, 3@0D8:. #3;>2>9 :>MDD8F85=B ?@O<>9. 0A?>;>65=85 3@0D8:0 ;8=59=>9 DC=:F88 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B 5Q :>MDD8F85=B>2. 204@0B8G=0O DC=:F8O !2>9AB20. 0@01>;0. >AB@>5=85 3@0D8:0 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88. >;>65=85 3@0D8:0 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B 5Q :>MDD8F85=B>2. A?>;L7>20=85 A2>9AB2 :204@0B8G=>9 DC=:F88 4;O @5H5=8O 7040G. 1@0B=0O ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=>ABL !2>9AB20 DC=:F88  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  QUOTE  . 8?5@1>;0. @54AB02;5=85 >1 0A8<?B>B0E. !B5?5==0O DC=:F8O A ?>:070B5;5< 3 !2>9AB20. C18G5A:0O ?0@01>;0. $C=:F88  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . E A2>9AB20 8 3@0D8:8. !B5?5==0O DC=:F8O A ?>:070B5;5< AB5?5=8 1>;LH5 3. @5>1@07>20=85 3@0D8:>2 DC=:F89: ?0@0;;5;L=K9 ?5@5=>A, A8<<5B@8O, @0ABO65=85/A60B85, >B@065=85. @54AB02;5=85 > 2708<=> >1@0B=KE DC=:F8OE. 5?@5@K2=>ABL DC=:F88 8 B>G:8 @07@K20 DC=:F89. CA>G=> 7040==K5 DC=:F88. >A;54>20B5;L=>AB8 8 ?@>3@5AA88 '8A;>20O ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL. @8<5@K. 5A:>=5G=K5 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8. @8D<5B8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O 8 5Q A2>9AB20. 5><5B@8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O. !C<<8@>20=85 ?5@2KE G;5=>2 0@8D<5B8G5A:>9 8 35><5B@8G5A:>9 ?@>3@5AA89. !E>4OI0OAO 35><5B@8G5A:0O ?@>3@5AA8O. !C<<0 AE>4OI59AO 35><5B@8G5A:>9 ?@>3@5AA88. 0@<>=8G5A:89 @O4. 0AE>48<>ABL 30@<>=8G5A:>3> @O40. 5B>4 <0B5<0B8G5A:>9 8=4C:F88, 53> ?@8<5=5=85 4;O 2K2>40 D>@<C;, 4>:070B5;LAB20 @025=AB2 8 =5@025=AB2, @5H5=8O 7040G =0 45;8<>ABL. 5H5=85 B5:AB>2KE 7040G 040G8 =0 2A5 0@8D<5B8G5A:85 459AB28O 5H5=85 B5:AB>2KE 7040G 0@8D<5B8G5A:8< A?>A>1><. A?>;L7>20=85 B01;8F, AE5<, G5@B5659, 4@C38E A@54AB2 ?@54AB02;5=8O 40==KE ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G8. 5H5=85 7040G =0 42865=85, @01>BC, ?>:C?:8 =0;87 2>7<>6=KE A8BC0F89 2708<=>3> @0A?>;>65=8O >1J5:B>2 ?@8 8E 42865=88, A>>B=>H5=8O >1JQ<>2 2K?>;=O5<KE @01>B ?@8 A>2<5AB=>9 @01>B5. 5H5=85 7040G =0 =0E>645=85 G0AB8 G8A;0 8 G8A;0 ?> 53> G0AB8 5H5=85 7040G =0 ?@>F5=BK, 4>;8, ?@8<5=5=85 ?@>?>@F89 ?@8 @5H5=88 7040G. >38G5A:85 7040G8 5H5=85 ;>38G5A:8E 7040G. 5H5=85 ;>38G5A:8E 7040G A ?><>ILN 3@0D>2, B01;8F. A=>2=K5 <5B>4K @5H5=8O 7040G @8D<5B8G5A:89, 0;351@08G5A:89, ?5@51>@ 20@80=B>2. 5@28G=K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > 4@C38E <5B>40E @5H5=8O 7040G (35><5B@8G5A:85 8 3@0D8G5A:85 <5B>4K). !B0B8AB8:0 8 B5>@8O 25@>OB=>AB59 !B0B8AB8:0 "01;8G=>5 8 3@0D8G5A:>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 40==KE, AB>;1G0BK5 8 :@C3>2K5 4803@0<<K, 872;5G5=85 =C6=>9 8=D>@<0F88. 803@0<<K @0AA5820=8O. ?8A0B5;L=K5 AB0B8AB8G5A:85 ?>:070B5;8: A@54=55 0@8D<5B8G5A:>5, <5480=0, =081>;LH55 8 =08<5=LH55 7=0G5=8O G8A;>2>3> =01>@0. B:;>=5=85. !;CG09=K5 2K1@>AK. 5@K @0AA5820=8O: @07<0E, 48A?5@A8O 8 AB0=40@B=>5 >B:;>=5=85. !2>9AB20 A@54=53> 0@8D<5B8G5A:>3> 8 48A?5@A88. !;CG09=0O 87<5=G82>ABL. 7<5=G82>ABL ?@8 87<5@5=8OE. 5H0NI85 ?@028;0. 0:>=><5@=>AB8 2 87<5=G82KE 25;8G8=0E. !;CG09=K5 >?KBK 8 A;CG09=K5 A>1KB8O !;CG09=K5 >?KBK (M:A?5@8<5=BK), M;5<5=B0@=K5 A;CG09=K5 A>1KB8O (8AE>4K). 5@>OB=>AB8 M;5<5=B0@=KE A>1KB89. !>1KB8O 2 A;CG09=KE M:A?5@8<5=B0E 8 1;03>?@8OBAB2CNI85 M;5<5=B0@=K5 A>1KB8O. 5@>OB=>AB8 A;CG09=KE A>1KB89. ?KBK A @02=>2>7<>6=K<8 M;5<5=B0@=K<8 A>1KB8O<8. ;0AA8G5A:85 25@>OB=>AB=K5 >?KBK A 8A?>;L7>20=85< <>=5B, :C18:>2. @54AB02;5=85 A>1KB89 A ?><>ILN 4803@0<< -9;5@0. @>B82>?>;>6=K5 A>1KB8O, >1J548=5=85 8 ?5@5A5G5=85 A>1KB89. @028;> A;>65=8O 25@>OB=>AB59. !;CG09=K9 2K1>@. 57028A8<K5 A>1KB8O. >A;54>20B5;L=K5 =57028A8<K5 8A?KB0=8O. @54AB02;5=85 M:A?5@8<5=B0 2 2845 45@520, C<=>65=85 25@>OB=>AB59. A?KB0=8O 4> ?5@2>3> CA?5E0. #A;>2=0O 25@>OB=>ABL. $>@<C;0 ?>;=>9 25@>OB=>AB8. -;5<5=BK :><18=0B>@8:8 8 8A?KB0=8O 5@=C;;8 @028;> C<=>65=8O, ?5@5AB0=>2:8, D0:B>@80;. !>G5B0=8O 8 G8A;> A>G5B0=89. "@5C3>;L=8: 0A:0;O 8 18=>< LNB>=0. ?KBK A 1>;LH8< G8A;>< @02=>2>7<>6=KE M;5<5=B0@=KE A>1KB89. KG8A;5=85 25@>OB=>AB59 2 >?KB0E A ?@8<5=5=85< M;5<5=B>2 :><18=0B>@8:8. A?KB0=8O 5@=C;;8. #A?5E 8 =5C40G0. 5@>OB=>AB8 A>1KB89 2 A5@88 8A?KB0=89 5@=C;;8. 5><5B@8G5A:0O 25@>OB=>ABL !;CG09=K9 2K1>@ B>G:8 87 D83C@K =0 ?;>A:>AB8, >B@57:0 8 4C38 >:@C6=>AB8. !;CG09=K9 2K1>@ G8A;0 87 G8A;>2>3> >B@57:0. !;CG09=K5 25;8G8=K 8A:@5B=0O A;CG09=0O 25;8G8=0 8 @0A?@545;5=85 25@>OB=>AB59. 02=><5@=>5 48A:@5B=>5 @0A?@545;5=85. 5><5B@8G5A:>5 @0A?@545;5=85 25@>OB=>AB59. 0A?@545;5=85 5@=C;;8. 8=><80;L=>5 @0A?@545;5=85. 57028A8<K5 A;CG09=K5 25;8G8=K. !;>65=85, C<=>65=85 A;CG09=KE 25;8G8=. 0B5<0B8G5A:>5 >6840=85 8 53> A2>9AB20. 8A?5@A8O 8 AB0=40@B=>5 >B:;>=5=85 A;CG09=>9 25;8G8=K; A2>9AB20 48A?5@A88. 8A?5@A8O G8A;0 CA?5E>2 2 A5@88 8A?KB0=89 5@=C;;8. >=OB85 > 70:>=5 1>;LH8E G8A5;. 7<5@5=85 25@>OB=>AB59 8 B>G=>ABL 87<5@5=8O. @8<5=5=85 70:>=0 1>;LH8E G8A5; 2 A>F8>;>388, AB@0E>20=88, 2 74@02>>E@0=5=88, >15A?5G5=88 157>?0A=>AB8 =0A5;5=8O 2 G@572KG09=KE A8BC0F8OE. 5><5B@8O 5><5B@8G5A:85 D83C@K $83C@K 2 35><5B@88 8 2 >:@C60NI5< <8@5 5><5B@8G5A:0O D83C@0. =CB@5==OO, 2=5H=OO >1;0AB8 D83C@K, 3@0=8F0. 8=88 8 >1;0AB8 =0 ?;>A:>AB8. K?C:;0O 8 =52K?C:;0O D83C@K. ;>A:0O 8 =5?;>A:0O D83C@K. K45;5=85 A2>9AB2 >1J5:B>2. $>@<8@>20=85 ?@54AB02;5=89 > <5B0?@54<5B=>< ?>=OB88 D83C@0. ">G:0, >B@57>:, ?@O<0O, ;CG, ;><0=0O, ?;>A:>ABL, C3>;, 18AA5:B@8A0 C3;0 8 5Q A2>9AB20, 284K C3;>2, <=>3>C3>;L=8:8, >:@C6=>ABL 8 :@C3. A520O A8<<5B@8O 35><5B@8G5A:8E D83C@. &5=B@0;L=0O A8<<5B@8O 35><5B@8G5A:8E D83C@. =>3>C3>;L=8:8 =>3>C3>;L=8:, 53> M;5<5=BK 8 53> A2>9AB20. @028;L=K5 <=>3>C3>;L=8:8. K?C:;K5 8 =52K?C:;K5 <=>3>C3>;L=8:8. !C<<0 C3;>2 2K?C:;>3> <=>3>C3>;L=8:0. "@5C3>;L=8:. !C<<0 C3;>2 B@5C3>;L=8:0. 02=>154@5==K9 B@5C3>;L=8:, A2>9AB20 8 ?@87=0:8. 02=>AB>@>==89 B@5C3>;L=8:. 5480=K, 18AA5:B@8AK, 2KA>BK B@5C3>;L=8:>2. 0<5G0B5;L=K5 B>G:8 2 B@5C3>;L=8:5. 5@025=AB2> B@5C3>;L=8:0. '5BK@QEC3>;L=8:8. 0@0;;5;>3@0<<, @><1, ?@O<>C3>;L=8:, :204@0B, B@0?5F8O. !2>9AB20 8 ?@87=0:8 ?0@0;;5;>3@0<<0, @><10, ?@O<>C3>;L=8:0, :204@0B0. 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